Hepatitis Delta Virus: HDV-HBV Interactions

نویسنده

  • Camille Sureau
چکیده

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral agent that utilizes the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for cell to cell propagation. In infected human hepatocytes, the HDV RNA genome can replicate and associate with multiple copies of the delta protein to assemble a ribonucleoprotein (RNP). However the RNP cannot exit the cell because of the lack of an export system. This is provided by the HBV envelope proteins, which are capable of budding at an internal cellular membrane to assemble mature HDV virions when RNPs are present. This review covers advances in the molecular aspects of the HDV-HBV interactions, with an emphasis on the HBV properties that are instrumental in HDV maturation, in particular the central role of the small HBV envelope protein. Introduction Since the initial description of the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) in 1977 by M. Rizzetto, the viral agent that was later referred to as the "Hepatitis Delta Virus" (HDV), has been clearly related to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDAg was first observed as a new nuclear antigen present only in liver cells of HBV chronic carriers. It was shown to be associated with a viral agent that was transmissible to chimpanzee in the presence of HBV, and at that time, it was considered a defective virus because of its absolute requirement for HBV coinfection. Soon thereafter the HBV helper functions appeared to be limited to providing the protein content of the delta particle envelope, whereas the inner core was found to contain a small RNA molectile bound to HDAg-proteins. The cloning of the HDV-associated RNA was achieved in 1986, and the sequencing analysis revealed a genome structure that was unique among animal viruses: it was a circular, single-stranded RNA of negative polarity, with an open reading frame coding for the HDAg protein (the only protein that HDV RNA is known to encode), but it lacked the coding capacity for envelope proteins. Moreover, its sequence presented no homology to that of the HBV genome.^'^ *Camille Sureau—CNRS, Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, INSERM U76, Institute National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6 Rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75739 Paris, France. Email: [email protected] Hepatitis Delta Virus, edited by Hiroshi Handa and Yuki Yamaguchi. ©2006 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media. HD V-HBV Interactions 11 HDV virion 36 nm 0 S~HBsAg

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تاریخ انتشار 2007